FREE ESSAY ON COPERNICUS

COPERNICUS

Nicolas Copernicus 
Nicolas Copernicus
1473-1543
Physics
February 8, 2000
Nicolas Copernicus 
Nicolas Copernicus
1473-1543
Copernicus was born in Poland in 1473, he started his education at Cracow University.
There he studied mathematics and optics. From here he went to Italy, where he was
appointed as a canon in the cathedral of Frauenburg, where he spent a comfortable
academic life studding. Copernicus had some small hobbies while at the cathedral, he
painted, and frequently translated Greek poetry into Latin. One other hobby that just
wasn't small enough to be called a hobby to most of us was astronomy. He made
investigations quietly and alone, without any help. He observed from a turret on a
protective wall around a cathedral, he also looked with his naked eye rather than with a
telescope. He was one of the founders of modern astronomy. 
Copernicus died in 1543 of a cerebral hemorrhage. In 1530 right before Copernicus died he
managed to published his work, De Revolutionibus. Which said that the earth rotated on
its axis once daily and traveled around the sun once yearly. This might no sound very
controversial but at this time the church and its followers believed in the Ptolemiac
theory, which stated that the universe was a closed space bounded by a spherical envelope
beyond which there was nothing. (Landry 1999)
Copernicus's works went against the church, and most scientific beliefs. This may be one
reason why Copernicus didn't publish his work until his deathbed. Another reason may be
that Copernicus was a huge perfectionist, and continuously redid his works over and over
to get them right. (Field 1995) So you can see why Copernicus wasn't in any big rush to
have the world know about his theory. On one hand he would cause a 
Nicolas Copernicus 
tramoundous stir in the church, and all the scientific community. He would've most likely
have been fired from the comfortable church position he had for many years, and could've
given him a bad name. If it hadn't been for George Rheticus, a 25-year-old German
mathematics professor Copernicus's might have never publiched his work. (Field 1995)
Rheticus stayed with Copernicus for two years, and convinced him to release his work. 
"His work the Copernicus's heliostatic cosmology involved giving several distinct motions
to the Earth. It was consequently considered implausible by the vast majority of his
contemporaries, and by most astronomers and natural philosophers of succeeding
generations before the middle of the seventeenth century. Its only defenders included
Johannes Kepler (1571 -1630) and Galileo Galilei (1564- 1642). Strong theoretical
underpinning for the Copernican theory was provided by Newton's theory of universal
gravitation (1687)." (Field 1995) So Copernicus's whole argument stated that the planets
and the Earth were in orbit around the sun, and the moon was in orbit around the Earth.
This is called the 
The Heliocentric System:
Nicolas Copernicus 
In conclusion Copernicus said that the Sun was the center of the universe, and went
against all known knowledge, religion, and teachings. He took all his observations with
the naked eye and with no help. Many disregarded his book and his theory, which went
against everything that the church believed in. However if it wasn't for Copernicus,
modern astronomy would have never made advances as far as it has to today. Copernicus's
hard work and strength is why he is one of the most important founders of modern
astronomy.
Bibliography
Field, J. V. (1995 August). Home page. [Online]. [2000, Feb. 8].
Astronomy 161 "The Solar System" . [Online]. University of Florida. 
[2000, Feb. 8].
Landry, Peter (1999 June). Home page. [Online]. Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. CANADA. 
[2000, Feb. 8].