FREE ESSAY ON MODERN SCIENCE AND MATERIALISM

MODERN SCIENCE AND MATERIALISM

Modern Science and materialism
What is real? This question has puzzled many what is really real or what is reality.
Reality as I shall explain is one that is according to materialism and proven by science.
Materialism is defined, as the metaphysical view holding that matter alone is real. This
is what Hugh Elliot proves in his argument Modern Science and Materialism. By use of his
argument I will answer the questions of what is real, what humans need to know, if it is
possible to know what is real and how, how to distinguish real for non-real, where humans
fit in, and how we can benefit from materialism.
First, what is real? Reality is only one thing, and it is all principles of matter and
energy. When you reach out and touch something it is matter, when you look to the skies
all around you sense this reality of matter and energy from the light in the sky to the
ground beneath us. Elliot says that the "universe consists of matter and energy in a
state of permanent change."(Pg. 307 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) What
Elliot is saying is matter is all objects being discerned, energy consisting of motion,
heat, light, sound, electricity, and etc., and permanent change is real. This permanent
change means that everything when you take a look around our universe it never stands
still relative to the rest of the universe, and even science has proven this with the
second law of thermodynamics it states that all systems will change spontaneously to less
ordered. Now this is a scary thought that we wouldn't be able to grasp reality if it
always changes on its own.
This raises a serious question, how can we understand or live according to reality if it
always is changing? Well, there is no need to worry about this fact of change, because we
can understand how it works we our not helpless against nature. The universe will change
according to Elliot and science, but the universe is not a chaotic place. It has
procedures or fixed sequences that is follows it gives us humans' knowledge about events
so certain that we can predict the future. Elliot also states this he says that the
universe "it follows certain fixed sequences-usually called laws-which are so definite
that even in the present state of knowledge many future events can be prophesied with
certainty."(Pg. 308 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) Yes, now we have
something to follow according to reality it is these, as Elliot states, laws. But unlike
the laws of the government that are sometimes hard to follow these laws of the universe
our "fixed sequences" that can't be broken, and what a relief. I have already mentioned
one of these laws, but there is still others that govern us for our good. One is the law
of gravity that states that large masses will exert a pull on other masses, and this is a
law for the good of mankind. For if large masses didn't attract we would lose our
atmosphere to space and so too we would be blown out into space. 
Yet, we have these laws that govern reality, but is it possible for us to gain the
knowledge of all reality? Well, for us as humans to have knowledge we must have the
facts, the ultimate facts of reality. When a mind has a small amount of real facts the
reality that he constructs is less real. The more facts that we can accumulate the closer
we get to true reality or what is really real. Hugh Elliot knew this he states "before we
can discern the deeper relationships of existence and the universe, we must know about
these ultimate facts."(Pg. 308 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) This is how
is we know reality we must construct it out of facts, and as Elliot stated we must know
about these ultimate facts. This is what makes Elliots argument so easy to believe
because he knew where to go to get these facts he gained knowledge before he gave his
argument. To make this easy how many times have you thought that for sure you knew
something and then as your education grows you see the world in a new light? Therefore it
is possible to know what is real, but how?
We already know that to have knowledge we need fact, but where and how do we get the
facts that are consistent with reality? Hugh Elliot understood exactly where knowledge
comes from he states "all human knowledge is derived by observation and experiment."(Pg.
308 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) This is the source of facts, this is
truth, and this is the ground on to which knowledge is built. By following this procedure
many things have been learned and proven. Sir Isaac Newton tested his observations of
falling matter by using experiments to find out the facts on the laws of gravity. And
because of the knowledge that became available it has changed our world for the better.
We were able to use the fundamentals of this law to make and use machines. Our world went
from an agricultural society to one of a booming industrial, space travel became
possible, and countless lives have been saved. Although one law helped to change our
understanding of the world there is much more that others have gathered. All knowledge
that is based of the fore mentioned procedures have been gathered together into the
various fields of science. This is where we can go to look for our answers to questions
on reality. This is where Elliot argues we must go he says "the first thing to be done in
any search after philosophic principles is to travel over special sciences with a view to
extracting from them such information relevant to our purpose."(Pg. 308 Modern Science
and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) this is where we get the knowledge it is here that others
like us who want the truth have been going and they are also the ones increasing our
knowledge through science.
But can we be sure that what many like ourselves have constructed are real? How can we
distinguish it from unreal? Well, to determine what is really real we have some
guidelines that we can follow, and this is what Elliot says he denies "any form of
existence other than... existences that have some kind of palpable material
characteristics or qualities."(Pg. 310 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) This
is the first guideline we can use to identify if something is real or not. Elliot is
saying that we can let go of any ideas that wouldn't fit in to a world of matter and
energy. No longer do we need to believe in a world of gods, spirits, or an entity called
mind. When we sense something we know that it is matter out there and when we are
thinking about anything that mental event is real too. Elliot continues this idea by
saying "every event occurring in the universe, including those events known as mental
processes and all kinds of human actions or conduct, are expressible purely in terms of
matter and motion."(Pg. 310 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) The second
guideline humans can follow has major implications for humans thought of the universe.
Elliot states "scientific materialism warmly denies that there is any such thing as a
purpose in the universe."(Pg. 309 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) What this
means is that if we are going to try to figure out this vast universe we don't need to
look for purpose the reality has its laws of matter and energy. The universe has its laws
to which it follows, beyond those it is a universe that sole purpose is none. 
This also has implications for humans as well. Where do we fit in this reality? Well, if
you even pondered that question you are concluding that humans are somehow exempt or
special in the universe, but according to Elliot "the universe, down to its smallest
parts, is regarded by primitive superstition as existing for the special benefit of
man."(Pg. 309 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) And so Elliot says it is
because of the small mind that we believe that we are significant. Yes it is because we
see the universe from our own eyes that we believe we are special, and this view is one
of the uneducated. It is because of the knowledge of the sciences and our search for
facts that we start to see that the universe is very different then we perceive. Elliot
argues this when he says "our education endows us with a wider out look and wider
knowledge, we can come to see that the objective universe is very different from our own
private subjective universe."(Pg. 309 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot) From
the knowledge of science we have learned that no god ever created the universe with any
purpose, and now we know that we are not significant in the cosmos. Even throughout
history we somehow saw the humans species as central to the universe like the idea that
the universe revolved around the earth. It took us centuries of knowledge before we even
realized that the earth is just one of billions of planets out there not even a big
planet at that in the universe. It does seem sad to answer our question about whether we
are important or not with this "the human species is, indeed, a mere incident in the
universal redistribution of matter and motion; its existence has not the smallest cosmic
significant."(Pg. 310 Modern Science and Materialism, Hugh Elliot).
Although it may seem like a horrible conclusion to our lives it does offer hope and
benefits never before dream possible. We are now truly free, no longer do we have to fear
a god who will strike us down, or have to worry what we should do in our lives. We
control our lives, and we do what we want to, and no ones will do we bend except that of
reality. If these are not good enough benefits, then just think how wonderful it is to
know, to have gained the knowledge, that we understand reality. When we go out side we
can enjoy the smell of a rose or feel the warm air on our cheek and know that it is real.
We can also benefit by being able to figure out how things work but just understanding
realities laws, and also that our lives our here because of these laws. So we can
benefit, understand, and learn to appreciate all that knowledge of reality has taught
us.
Thus, when we know think of reality we can now say we understand it. It is purposeless,
always changing according to laws, and it is all matter and energy. We have come to terms
that it means that the only things that are real are those that go according to those
things. There are no gods, or spirits, or any nonphysical entities like mind. We also
know now that our place in reality is insignificant, but that it doesn't mean that we
need have no happiness because of this. We can now enjoy life in total freedom always
learning and growing in this knowledge. May you take to heart what has been given you so
you can enjoy your life along with those like you who today are happier because of what
they now know.